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Two Spanish in the way of Darwin.

As already mentioned, this year will be neat in news about the English naturalist, something that has to rejoice at all that in one way or another Biology is dedicated to nothing trivial a matter, not just the year of Darwin, by extension will be the years of evolution. Hundreds or thousands of articles, books ... and blogs! We will refresh your memory and will enlighten the public on a major scientific paradigms of all time, while creationists seek to silence and unscientific that ultimately are raging on all fronts possible.

Today I bring to the blog to a couple of English scientists in a manner so direct and unknown to the general public are related to the figure of Darwin and his scientific development.

The first is the Spaniard Felipe Bauza (1764-1834), military and geographer, member of the Royal Society, the Royal Astronomical Society and the British Royal Geographical Society, buried with honors at the Abbey of Westminster, who in exile in London after being sentenced to death by the absolutist Fernando VII, was required by British Navy in 1831 to report on the mapping of South America overlooking an expedition to the area that soon would make the ship HMS Beagle, captained by Robert Fitz Roy, in which a young naturalist named travel Charles Darwin! . The captain of the Beagle mentioned in more than one occasion the help you provide the reports and maps provided Bauza.

The second fellow, he was admired and quoted many times by Charles Darwin, is Félix de Azara (1742-1821), military Huesca who was assigned to Paraguay to demarcate the borders between colonies English and Portuguese spending more than twenty years in the region, where he had time for fans and self-taught specialize in Natural History and Science discovered for more than two hundred species. Azara, very thorough in his observations led him to correct classifications Buffon, French naturalist famous. After his return to Spain in 1801 moved to Paris where he met several French naturalists, including Cuvier , the father of paleontology and zoologist Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire , and decided to publish his works, the most important which is Voyages dans l'Amérique méridionale , in French in 1809. Azara concludes that there are mechanisms that make living things adapt to the environment and the species may become extinct. Darwin quoted in his works often Azara, both the Origin of Species , as in the Journal of a Naturalist worldwide and Origin of Man. No one knows for sure, but speculates that Darwin traveled to the four volumes of the works of Azara in the Beagle. Azara also suffer the rigors of absolutism Fernanedo VII, which made him retire to his hometown where he would end his days.

The second table presents Felix de Azara painted by Goya in 1805, when he became vocal of the Board of Fortifications and Defence of India.

And how could it be unless I leave a musical contemporary of our two characters, The music Noturna delle strade di Madrid , Luigi Boccherini (1743-1805). Interestingly, this piece was used for the soundtrack of the film "Master and Commander", where the figure of a naturalist on a British warship, which is somewhat inspired by Darwin himself.

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Happy Birthday, Charles!

exactly 200 years ago today that Charles Darwin was born. To celebrate I leave a link to a special grand newspaper "El Mundo" on his life and his work.

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I leave a card Music Felix Mendelssohn, whose 200th anniversary was also met last day 3.

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controversial anatomy lessons: The plastinated cadavers.

Last Friday I visited, in an open house for teachers, the exhibition " BodyWorlds, a journey through the heart " which will open in Seville until 3 May. It outlines twenty-five plastinated bodies and organs treated with the same technique to reach two hundred. The plastination is a process of preservation of corpses invented in 1977 by the physician at the University of Heidelberg Gunther von Hagens (1945) which consists a treatment which elmininan water soluble and fat bodies using a solvent (acetone) to be replaced by a resin that hardens. The results are amazing because the bodies are perfectly preserved for study. Professor Von Hagens has plastinated human bodies and many other species, in 1993 created the IFP (Institute for Plastination ) to provide plastinated bodies for educational institutions and museums. Since 1995 several exhibitions of plastinated bodies roam the world causing the shock, the interest ... and controversy wherever they saturate.

Why the controversy?, For the use of cadavers (donated Living by their owners specifically for this) in the public exhibitions and the artistic use of these as the bodies are found naturalized in various poses (talking on the phone, playing chess, stopping a soccer ball or dancing ... flamenco with castanets and wide-brimmed hat included!). Say more populist vision or artistic contrasts with another exhibition also called Bodies ... The Exhibition "of another company which claims to be more didactic and less sensational. It also adds to the controversy the rumors of the use of donated bodies are not explicitly for this destination on this kind of exposure, Von Hagens denies something for you. Von Hagens added fuel to ethical fire last year when it announced its intention to sell some of their creations to individuals, which its lawyers are studying.

Sevilla English is the first leg of BodyWorlds while Bodies ... and was exhibited in Madrid and Barcelona. The truth is that the exhibition has a great educational interest, not fully exploited in my opinion to the detriment of artistic sophistication, so I understand that the visit is necessary but, at least in young students are concerned, accompanied by their science teachers to focus exposure adequately.

PD: Some minor errors in the presentation slides, as the claim that blood cells are formed in the spinal cord ....

Photo: El País.

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The two "fathers" the Theory of Evolution

British and half scientific world prepare to celebrate on 12 February Darwin Day to celebrate the 200 th anniversary of his birth in few months, will meet November 24 also 150 years of publication (and outright sale) of the first edition of " Origin of Species." However there is na or celebration that went on tiptoe the past year, specifically on July 1, 2008 was 150 years in the Linnean Society of London presented, along with other works, three manuscripts, two them signed by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace another set which was named " On the tendency of species to form varieties, and on the perpetuation of varieties and species by natural selection ." Although the work represented a real revolution change in the conception of species, not raised any controversy at that time, what documents they spoke?.

Darwin had traveled the world aboard the HMS Beagle ship between 1831 and 1836 to collect information on living in South America and Oceania. Of all the naturalist observations received three core ideas:

• In an environment with limited food resources of individuals struggling to survive.
• emerge victorious from this struggle which has better caracaterísticas, which are probably inherited.
• If this selection natural is durable over time can cause changes in populations and lead to new species.

Darwin recorded his findings in a paper, not published, in 1844. Have been considered several explanations for the failure to publish their ideas, such as fear to tell the world about their findings or the love of his wife, Emma, \u200b\u200bwho was very religious. Some authors suggest that he believed were not yet mature their ideas and also had to publish much more information in their journey.

Meanwhile another Englishman, Alfred Russell Wallace, 14 years younger than Darwin, self-taught and poor family, unlike the previous one, had spent from 1848 to 1852 of the Amazon trip, along with naturalist Henry Bates . In 1854 he traveled to Southeast Asia studying and collecting especímeres he sent to London for sale. Your stay in this area of \u200b\u200bthe World obtained the knowledge that made him the father of Biogeography . His remarks put clear how each species lived in a particular place, sometimes to be the case that sometimes the species inhabited a bank of a river and not the other, which left no intrigue. Given the huge variety of specimens collected in their travels, many chose each species, Wallace was observed and within each species there were variations, both anatomical and physiological. Also studying the survival of individuals came to the conclusion that they had only survived the best features to live in their environment.

In March 1858 Wallace wrote an article entitled " On the Tendency of Varieties to depart indefinitely from the original type " setting out their ideas for the transformation of species through natural selection, and sent it from the Malay Archipelago to Darwin for review and subsequent publication by the famous geologist Charles Lyell .

This letter was a huge surprise to Darwin, who saw embodied in the letter that came from the other side of the world very similar conclusions to yours, yet, yet having reached these same ideas years before had not published . His friends Lyell and the botanist Joseph D. Hooker, informed of this fact decided to present Wallace's letter to the Linnean Society together with a summary of the work of Darwin in 1844 and a letter to an American friend in 1857 setting forth his ideas. This presentation did not have permission to Wallace but later would be very flattered by it. The following year, Darwin published his book. Wallace was a great advocate of it and a renowned Darwinist.

The end of Wallace was not as epic as that of Darwin, buried with honors in Westminster Abbey since his return to England did not manage their assets properly, Darwin was even seek help and a special pension, and apart from devoted to other tasks less related to Science, including spiritualism.

For these reasons, although both theories have some differences, it is fair to remember Wallace as co-discoverer of the Theory of Evolution

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Participate in a space research

" The next discovery of Hubble-You decide " is an activity that is part of the International Year of Astronomy. People around the world can vote until March 1 to select the next object that targeted look Hubble Space Telescope. Just enter the web activity (in English) and choose from one of the six items proposed for consideration. With that you can enter a drawing for one of the 100 new Hubble images of the object get the winner. The winning image will be released between 2 and 5 April. Partipáis Why not?, I already have done.

I leave a space telescope image of Jupiter and the musical piece " Jupiter, the messenger of joy " of the work " The Planets" by Gustav Holst , to enjoy them.