1 - Introduction:
is a chronic disease of the pilosebaceous follicle, which appears as a complication of sebum at puberty.
alterations that occur are: • comedo
• Cysts
• papules, pustules, nodules
• residual lesions, scars, blemishes.
Thus, as the fundamental lesion in seborrhea, seborrheic is the filament, the comedo is the basic lesion of acne.
The comedo, can be found as a filament seborrheic old, encrusted with corneal envelope, containing in its interior, large masses of bacilli or anaerobic bacteria. This mass cornea plays a follicular orifice and blackish outer portion.
This injury is always accompanied by seborrhea and follicular hyperkeratosis hole. This makes the removal of sebum.
2. Location:
Its location coincides with the location of seborrhea, except the scalp, with a predilection for the face area.
3. Forms of acne:
Grade I: Presents only comedones.
Grade II: Presents papules, macules and pustules (pimple).
Grade III: nodules, tubers and abscesses.
Grade IV: When the form III extends outside of the face.
Grade III and IV tend to leave in the aftermath, scars or pigmented macules. (Or nodular acne conglobata)
There are many classifications of acne as factor to take into account to achieve it.
While from the scientific point of view could be understood as a more logical classification based on the pathology of the lesions, from the informative point of view may be more interesting to a clinical classification, ie, depending on how this acne manifests externally.
From this point of view we can distinguish various types.
• Acne Vulgaris: It comes to be the guy we've been referring so far. It is characterized by the presence of comedones, papules, pustules, cysts and nodules on face neck upper trunk and shoulders. Is typical of adolescents, and by severity of injury is spoken of various types.
• Acne comedo or Comedonicus: There is only seborrhea (oily appearance) of the skin, with numerous comedones. It is the mildest form. Papulosa
• Acne: Large amounts of many inflamed pimples. Or do not appear in small numbers of lesions with pus.
• Atrophic Acne: Sometimes papular acne, especially if severe, leaving small cavities evolve and unaesthetic scars on the skin • Acne conglobata
(conglobata = round balls or masses). It is characterized by the presence of numerous large comedones, some of them double or triples, large abscesses with fistulas that communicate with each other (tunnels), inflammatory cysts and nodules. The discharge is common and sometimes abundant. Sometimes it is associated with other diseases, apparently because of a failing immune system.
• Premenstrual Acne: Refers to the acne lesions that appear or worsen during the period prior to menstruation in women. Is due to hormonal changes that occur during this time of the menstrual cycle. • Acne neonatorum
or Newborn Acne. Are papulopustular lesions, which appear in small numbers, especially in the face in the first 48-72 hours of life. It appears related to maternal progesterone in the blood of the newborn.
• Acne keloid: It is characterized by the residual scars are thickened to form keloids. It is more common among black and Asian races.
• Tropical Acne: Acne particularly intense variety which occurs in tropical regions with warm and humid climate. It is characterized predominantly affects back, buttocks and thighs, while respecting the face. • Contact
Acne: It is due to skin contact, on a voluntary or involuntary, of substances that promote the formation of comedones. This is the case of workers in some industries, which are contact with chlorinated hydrocarbons (chloracne), petroleum oils or resins. It is also the case of the use of creams, makeup, oils and even sunscreens (cosmetic acne.) Iatrogenic
• Acne: Is the rise due to side effects of certain drugs. The typical example is that of corticosteroids (steroid acne), but can be produced by other drugs such as anabolic androgenic steroids, bromides, glucocorticoids, iodides, isoniazid, or oral contraceptives.
• Acne Rosacea: Although long been regarded as a form of acne, their clinical characteristics and pathological give enough consideration to be considered a separate entity: Rosacea.
• Cystic Acne: Most severe form of acne with comedones, papules and pustules and, in particular, inflammatory nodules, indurated painful abscesses and cysts with occasional bloody scabs
4. Evolution:
Acne begins around 13 years and its greatest intensity is observed between 14 and 19. Episodes can occur with hormonal changes that match or transgressions in the diet.
At 20 or 30 years, eruptions and can attenuate the sequelae depending on the depth of the condition.
5. Etiology: Genetic Factors
family history of severe forms of acne.
Hormonal factors: hormonal imbalances and detailed in seborrhoeic anovulatory intake may be linked to acne. Prolonged use of corticosteroids.
Local Factors: Some functional and morphological changes physicochemical pilosebaceous unit, favor the formation of comedo: narrowing of the light, abnormal sebum, hyperkeratinization the follicular orifice.
• medicated food and gastrointestinal factors:
The role of food has been exaggerated, however, excessive fat intake (chocolate) or a diet rich in carbohydrates, can alter the chemical composition of sebum. Iodadas salts, shellfish and seafood containing it, can exacerbate its occurrence.
Constipation is unfavorable.
• Emotional factors:
emotional factors can influence the development of acne. The effect of acne on the personality of the young creates serious complex.
• cosmetic factors:
facial cosmetics can influence those acids, gums or waxes that clog the pilosebaceous orifice.
6. Treatment of acne and Seborrhea:
local treatments are available and general approach, aimed at countering the local or general factors involved in the development.
Local treatment: the bases are:
• Cleaning and disinfection of the skin.
• Removal of sebum.
• Exfoliation of the upper layers of the skin
• Normalization of sebum discharge. PH
• Changing the skin.
General Treatment: the bases are:
• After thorough cleaning (done by a professional), with extraction of comedones and sebaceous discharge, pustules, etc., We can increase the effectiveness treatment, using combined chemical peel to treat excessive secretion of sebum, the accumulation of cells in the stratum corneum, which allows to give the skin, greater elasticity and cellular respiration in the affected area, as well, to reach the hotel cell, and thus reduce the depth of acne sequelae exist. • We can also
, mechanical peeling, either with diamond tips or micro crystals of aluminum.
• The use of high-frequency (O3), provides detoxification, healing and deep oxygenation.
• When there is excessive swelling, a very beneficial option, is the use of ultrasound, to allow better drainage of the affected area.
• If a severe case, oral medication should be used, as well as home support. • Controls
monthly follow-up treatment for six months and thereafter every quarter.
• Do not forget that these patients, whatever their original condition, must learn and take in your daily routine, use of protective or sunscreen, because their melanocytes and are excited and have a tendency to hyperpigmentation.
Acne affects a large number of adolescents and young adults, is a disease that affects not only the aesthetics but also self-esteem and confidence.
While it is a condition that requires work, conduct, diligence and dedication, the new cosmetics, we can treat it with surprising results.
currently have the technology, we have the professional capacity and have the experience, just need your commitment.
Sandra James Mazzeo
Cosmiatra
09-7396893
sandramazzeo@gmail.com
http://sandramazzeo.blogspot.com/
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